LOADING PROCEDURE IN OIL TANKER
A brief explanation of how the procedure how loading and procedures how to dry before loading karo tanks in tankers:
- Tank Cleaning in tankers:
- Tank Cleaning is done by using hot water or sea water by using a tool called Butterworth Machine and rinsed with fresh water. Implementation on the high seas with the requirements of:
- cruise ship in:
- Do at a distance of more than 50 miles from the nearest land
- waste discharge should not be more than 60 ltr / mi
- amount of oil discharged in shipping should not exceed 1 / 15,000 DWT cargo quantity.
- Drop all valve opened and valve - the valve and drain the tank and pipeline drying unk - pipe
- Filter - filter in pumproom cleared
- Mooping
- Gas freeing required when:
- before loading, unloading to the tank after cleaning
- preparatory dock, after loading muatam hazardous liquid, entering the confined space, checks or surveys.
- activity recorded in the deck logbook and oil record book.
- Fumigation in the room ⦁ ship:
- Crew evacuated vessel
- machine is turned off (the blower is turned off)
- Generator is turned off
- Then the ship / vessel closed room and spread of drug fumigation awaited ± 10 hours
- Loading dangerous goods:
- know the nature of the physical and chemical properties of the types of hazardous cargo and risks that may occur in the transport in ships
- label, dangerous signs within their class
- placement must be separated from one another.
- How to clean cargo tanks for palm oil:
- tank is cleaned using butter worth the machine with water pressure ± 12 kg / cm2.
- Previous diheating water first (± 82 ° C) just sprayed.
- cyclus butter worth repeated up to four times with the settings for the entire surface of the tank.
- pump sea water left in the tank to a slop tank.
- Clean freshwater use with sprayed using butter worth the machine, without having diheating (2 s / d 3 cycles).
- pump fresh water left in the tank to a slop tank.
- Perform gas freeing, check the levels of O2, combustible gas and toxic gas.
- Check and clean the tank walls by using a solvent.
- Drain and tank ready to be loaded.
- To cargo of palm oil heating coil pipes must be installed with the aim of:
- to heat the charge before dismantled so that the pump is not pumping heavy oil palm. Pipe heating coil is not worn / heating if the charge is not in close and were unloading port in the tropics. By heating the charge, the palm oil does not freeze, especially in the winter.
- How do the cleaning tanks in tankers which will include aviation fuel:
- Each tank is cleaned by using sea water or hot water by using a tool called "Butterworth".
- To further rinsed with fresh water.
- then drying (drying), free gas and mopping and after completion of the vessel ready for loading.
- How do free gas:
1.Tanki drained of oil cargo, all faucets suction (suction valve) should be closed in the cargo tanks and cargo piping sea water flowed at a moderate pace.
2.stern lines should come rinsed.
3.Air rinse oily sludge must be accommodated in the tank should not be disposed of at sea.
4.After oil pipelines, all suction valve in the tank should be sealed.
5.Membersihkan pipe steam heating coil with encouragement.
6.Kemudian gasenjector operated on each cargo tank alternately each for ± 2 hours depending on the size of cargo tanks, during ityu tank lid is not opened.
7. After the content of gas in the tank is measured by explosimeter, when it is at or below the safety limit, the tank lid open.
8. After it is installed blower / fan in each tank to enter the air ± 2 hours.
9.Bila content of the gas tank already at the limit safe for people / worker entry diberiakn tank, gas free certificate for the corresponding tank.
Tight test, can be done in 2 ways:
- Test kekedapan using sea water (water tight test). tank filled with sea water until full and reaches the air pipe, and then examined whether there is a section that is leaking tank parts. The most inexpensive way, but it takes a long time.
- Test kekedapan using air pressure through the air pipe inserted 4 psi air pressure, and the air charging is stopped, then wait a few moments apakhah appointment manometer down, if down means there is a leak, if it still means watertight tank.
- To document Dry Certificate:
- A sign / letter of endorsement that the tank really has dried.
- A sign / proof of authorization that truly watertight tank.
- How to measure API Gravity (American Pretroleum Indrustry) is:
- API Gravity = 141.5 to 131.5 BJ = SG (specific gravity)
- BJ
- How to take a sampling of oil in the tank are:
- Open manhole / Hacth tank cover, then pulled up with, using a sample of cans and input into the sample bottle.
- How to calculate the ullage ⦁ oil cargoes are:
- The calculation of the volume of liquid cargo in the tank is done by measuring the "ullage" to get "innage" Volume innage x SG (specific gravity) = heavy oil
- Formula
- : Volume (in cubic meters) x BJ = weight (in metric tons)
- : Volume (in CFT): SF = weight (in long tons)
- : 1 long ton = 1016 kg = 2240 lbs.
- ullage: Distance straight from the top of the tank to the surface of the oil / liquid cargo.
- Innage: vertical distance from the surface of the tank base oil / liquid cargo.
- To "NOTICE OF READINISS (NOR) on Tanker ship is:" as proof outentik / The master certificate submitted to the agent, when the ship arrived in port, which states that the ship is ready for loading and unloading activities "
- To "TANKER TIME SHEET" is to determine the length after dikeluarkanya Notice of readiness.
- stripper pumps in use when burning oil in tengki low or running out and is usually used for stripping.
- How to calculate and plan the high ullage in loading palm oil:
- Because the palm oil loading is done at a temperature of approximately 10ºC with SG = 0.8965 then it should be taken into account pemuatannya every 1ºC rise in temperature.
- Arranged tank ullage the amount of approximately 1.5% by volume of palm oil expansion tank remember when heated.
Loading latex in the tank does not require ullage because:
With the ullage will make latex moldy / moldy.
Latex should not be heated so no expansion.
- Exercises:
A tank has a surface area of 75 m² is being filled with oil using pipes Ø (diameter) of 200 mm. ullage now 1.6 m and will be filled up to ullage = 0.8 m.
Calculate: time required if the oil flow velocity in the pipe = 1.75 m / sec.
- Answer:
To achieve the required ullage 0.8 still charging as high oil:
1.6 m - 0.8 = 0.8 m.
Yangmasih oil volume must be loaded:0.8 m X 75 m² = 60 m³.
Sectional area of the pipe = πR²
Pipe Ø = 200 mm; R = ½ pipe X200 mm = 100 m = 0.1 m
cross-sectional area:
22X0,1X0,1 = 0.031 m²
the volume of oil in the pipeline per second
0,031 X 1.75 = 0.055 m³
so the time required:
60 m³: 0.055 = 18 menit11 seconds
A tank; V = 3000 cbm
height = 10 meters
The tank will be filled oil Bj = 0.92
total = 2,600 tonnes used in the loading hose / hose Ø 20 cm with oil flow speed of 2 meters / sec.
Calculate:
a) ullage
b) the time required to load
Answer:
The volume of oil = B = 2600 = 2826 cbm
Bj0,92
The volume of the tank = 3.000 cbm
Ullage volume = 174 cbm
high ullage = 174X 10 meter = 0.58 feet
3000
Ø 20 cm means that R = 10 cm = 1/10 m
Sectional area of the hose / tube =
π R ² = 22 X 1 X 1 = 22
71010700
the volume of oil in the tube per second = 22 X 2meter
700
= 44 cbm / sec
700
time required:
44 = 2826 × 700 = 44.959detik
70044
= 44 959 = 12.5 Hours
3600
- Exercises:
A tank capacity of 1200 m3 will be loaded with palm oil from Port Klang from Amsterdam in December. Temperature of 35 ° C while unloading, Bj = 0.51 and later requested unloading temperature 55 ° C, so for 15 gari service must be heated by heating 0.1% for every 1 ° C (tank 10 meters high).
Calculate ullage at the time of unloading, in order to load palm oil as much as possible.
- Answer:
An increase in temperature = 55 ° -38 ° = 17 ° C
Tank capacity = 1200 m3
The capacity of the tank before it is heated 17 ° C = 0.1% '17' 1200 m3 = 20.4 m3
Volume innage = 1200 to 20.4 = 1179.6 m3
Distance innage = = 9.53 m
Distance ullage at the time of unloading
= 10 to 9.53 m = 0.17 m
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