HOW TO LOADING AND CONTENT compaction - CERTAIN CONTENT Cargo bags (bagged goods)

Charge - charge dipack in the form of a sack, sack which can be made of materials:

1. Paper, for example sacks for cement
2. Plastic, such as rice, flour, and other - other
3. Woven from polyprophene or jute material, for example wheat, fertilizer, sugar etc.

There is also a charge that is packaged in a similar net sacks, such as sacks - sacks for packing potatoes, onions, garlic, and other charges are in dire need of ventilation. Cargo such as cement, are very sensitive to humidity as binding moisture from the air. Like charges iniharus packed with sacks of material right - absolutely airtight.

In relation to the loading and unloading, should be strictly supervised to ensure that workers do not use the tool - the loading and unloading of tools with tool - a tool that can damage the sack, like for example "ganco". If you have to use ganco, should be used that do not damage the special ganco sack.


Broadly speaking, the handling charge of packaging bags can refer to the following guidelines:
Giving good applicability. Ie to avoid sweat, damage sacks, and also to accommodate the possibility of cargo spilled when the sack leak and rupture.
Sacks should be arranged longitudinally ship, with a section that is not visible stitching. Start a compaction of the side that is difficult to achieve in an upright (sideways system) and not from the bottom up, because this is to avoid damage to the charge due to hit by another charge, and trampled by the workers. At the mouth of the hatch is the last part. To be arranged so that the charge does not stick to the hull of the vessel or transverse bulkhead, so that is not affected by circumstances outside the room (no heating missalnya outdoors).
Preparation of the sack according to type of cargo that is in it

In developing this sack load there are 2 ways:

Bag on bag: that is, each bag is placed over the other sack. This method is good for the type of load that requires a lot of ventilation, but many require the cargo hold, or have broken a large stowage.
On the half bag: that is to say, each bag placed over between two sacks underneath. This way both to be applied to the charge that does not require a lot of ventilation, and can use the maximum load space, or a small stowagenya broken.

For cargo that is in need of ventilation, often charge in this sack dipadat by using the "internal ventilation". That charge compacted blocks - blocks. For example, each block consisting of several sacks, and each block within a few centimeters. For example a loading of rice

The charge in the box / crate and crate (cases and crates)

Crates or boxes are usually made of wood or plywood, or paper. Crate with large size are generally provided "buffer" to sling for a fork "fork - lift", or similar to the pallet (palletes). Original packing crate with a fairly heavy load, generally given additional powers on a particular side, and marked "sling here". Means the slings should be passed that place. Tiny little crate packing vessel usually removed using nets - nets and unloading (net sling). Crate - crates should be compacted to the longitudinal direction of the ship and not upside down - back, making it easy to read markahnya. To be considered if you want to load - a very heavy crate charge, to do with the ability of the ship's deck (deck load capacity).

When the coffin of cardboard, then in the loading / unloading are prohibited from using ganco, because each will damage the carton. Also charge therein. That in general cargo packed in cardboard crates its quality is easily affected by the presence of moisture, or humid air (sensitive from moisture).

Drum charge

Drums are usually made of metal, plastic fiber. While the barrels made of wood tied together with plates - steel plates. Drums or barrels used for loading goods - goods Osir, chemicals, powders, and possibly also solid materials. To reduce the impact, the barrel is usually given outside the retaining section and lifted the ship by using a net sling. While the drum is usually dipadat in a standing position and lifted from the floor, and there ukungnya ganco shaped steel plate. If the drums - drums should dipadat over datu pile, then before putting the second pile and so on, raised pile should be arranging the form of plywood, so the drums - drum can stand up straight and flat.
In the final stages of loading the drum must lashing strong so as not to move and collide.

Baal (bales)
Many charge that is packaged in the form of numbness, such as:
Cotton, jute rope or strap material, wool, cotton, textile, paper, etc.
Judging from the type of material, a lot of numbness that in pemuatannya prohibited from using ganco. It should be noted because sometimes - sometimes from the delivery of goods (shiper) no signs are prohibited from using this numbness ganco on the packaging.

The load in the tank (tank fryers cargoes)
The term deep tanks found on the ship - ship for general cargo, which is a tank which has a large cap (tank lid) which can be opened. In addition to "man hole" (small tank lid for the last hole).

The function of deep tanks are:
To provide additional capacity ballast tanks are mainly used at the time of an empty vessel, in order to have a fairly good stability, especially when going to face bad weather. At the boat - boat building with middle deep tanks made front and back room machinery, while the ship - the ship with building, usually located behind the front tank (fore a peak tank).
To load cargo - liquid cargo, such as: latex, oil palm, etc. In the IMO resolution affirmed that the ship - ships built after 1974 SOLAS enforced, then deep tanks must be surrounded by cofferdam, so if leaked, cargo hatch next diruang not mixed with liquid cargo in deep tanks. In addition to the ballast and liquid cargo, deep tanks can also be used for dry cargo load. Therefore has closed tank (tank lid) which can be lifted. Pipe - pipe or pipe arrangement (piping lines) in a deep tank will consist of:
Therefore deep tanks used for dry cargo, then in deep tanks there will be pipe - sewer pipe (pipe bilge), sounding pipe, pipe to measure temperature, CO2 pipeline and pipe for ventilation facilities.
For the purposes of ballast, then there will be a deep tank ballast filling pipe and wind pipe (water pipe). In this case the pipe - other pipes must be closed.
When in deep tanks are not charging ballast pipe, then filling the ballast can be done with a hose through the pipe mengisisnya fireman (fire hydrant).
To be filled with liquid cargo, what matters is the arrangement of the pipe to be like on the ship - tanker, which the ballast piping associated with "lines" to measure the temperature and the pipe "ullage".
In the case of deep tanks will be used to fill liquid cargo, the tank must be tested (pressure test) in advance and should be given a certificate by an existing sueveyor (independent qualified surveyor).
Test can be performed by:
Compressed air (air pressure): the sealed tank, and the tank is given watermanometer. Usually this test will reach a value of 8 feet (2.5 m) WG (Water Gauge), and left W.G. point number 8 until a few moments.

Air pressure (over flow est): is to fill the tank with sea water and allowed to spill for a while.
For cargo - liquid cargo which requires heating, then deep tanks must also be equipped with adequate heating system.

CONTENT WOOD (LOG) ON DECK

The load of logs (log), particularly cargo decks, have an influence on the ship reserve buoyancy when pemuatannya done correctly. Therefore, for the ship - ship loading - loads of wood on decknya, will be given a certificate especially for loading timber ships, and can be made Pilmsol Mark dilambungnya timber ships.
In accordance with the Load Line Convention, 1966, then more in timber loading decks arranged and described as follows:
Certain reserve buoyancy
Protection for the safety of the ship to / wave. With reason it ships carrying timber deck above the height permitted to reduce stomach freely, provided that:
1. The vessel must meet the specific requirements of the building.
2. The load of wood on the deck it must meet certain requirements regarding the compacting.

Ship Construction
The ship must have at least forecastle standard (table), and length of at least 0.07 x length of the ship.
The ship must have multiple basic tank until long billowy ship from the front is equipped with longitudinal watertight bulkhead ship.
The vessel must be equipped with camp - another camp of at least one M-reinforced uppers and given a barrier underneath and given railing - a strong railing with a minimum height the same.
Loading (compaction)
All holes - holes located on the top deck where the cargo timber must be covered with good dipadat and ventilation - should be free of charge.
Wells - wells (wells) should be first loaded with cargo timber longitudinally up to full height palkanya threshold, then tied dense - dense and well - good. New top again with solid wood loaded up at least as high as the standard.
Sales should really -benar not affect the crew on the deck and do not interfere with the view from the bridge to navigate.
The stability of the ship must be considered, both during loading, in transit or until dipelabuhan goals keeping in mind the possibility of additional weight on the deck due to the absorption of water or snow.
Sailing in the winter season, the maximum height 1/3 wide deck cargo vessel.
For vessels with a length less than or equal to 250 feet, the minimum height, cargo deck / equal to 6 feet.

For ships whose length is greater than or equal to 400 feet, the minimum height cargo deck = 7 ½ feet.
For ships between 250 feet long and 400 feet, the minimum height the deck cargo interpolation between 6 feet and 7 ½ feet.
Without Lumber Certificate: max 5% da CC Capacity
Timber cargo ship on deck

With the certificate can not be made lumber percentage limit, mentioned only high payload timber:
Not interfere with stability
Not interfere with the view from the bridge
But for the winter season there are special special clausule: should not be more than 1.3 beam (width 1.3 max ship) height of the cargo timber.
For another season, for a ship that L ≤ 250 feet.
To ship L = 400 feet and more, minimum 7 ½ feet
So for the boat: 250 <L 400, must be interpolated.

read: unloading bulk goods